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Month: November 2015

Over-The-Counter Allergy Medications and Their Possible Side Effects

Any Arlington allergist can tell you: millions of allergy sufferers reach for over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medications daily to try to get relief from their allergy symptoms. There are numerous medications available and they come in a variety of routes of administration. The medicines come in the forms of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, nasal sprays, eye drops, creams, ointments, and inhalers.

Most OTC medications use additional ingredients, referred to as inactive ingredients, which may include preservatives, coatings, dyes, lubricants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and binding materials. Not all inactive ingredients are always inactive. Alcohol is added to some OTC medications and may be inactive or active. Alcohol is often found in OTC cough syrups which many allergy patients use. Some individuals have allergic reactions and/or untoward side effects to some of these inactive ingredients. Common inactive ingredients that cause reactions for some individuals include: aspartame, benzoates, benzyl alcohol, sulfites, benzoates, lactose, oleic acid, propylene glycol, saccharin, sorbitan trioleate, and soy lecithin. There are over 450 inactive ingredients used in OTC medications.

Many individuals can also have allergic reactions and/or unwanted side effects from the active drug found in OTC allergy medications. The active drug is the drug that is meant to “work” on the symptoms. An allergic reaction to a drug can occur with any drug and usually involves symptoms that may include: hives (urticaria)itching (pruritus)swelling (angioedema), rashes, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, shortness of breath, throat closing sensation, chest tightness, itchy eyes, watery eyes, redness of the eyes, itchy throat, and anaphylaxis (a life-threatening systemic allergic reaction).

OTC allergy medications can be even more confusing since many of them contain more than one active drug. An example of a single drug medication is Claritin, which contains loratadine, whereas an example of a medication that has 2 drugs is Claritin-D, which contains both loratadine and pseudoephedrine. There are many OTC allergy medications that contain more than 3 drugs in a single pill. To the average consumer, whose knowledge of the field of medicine is rudimentary, this can present a potentially serious problem. In the example used above with Claritin and Claritin-D, any allergist in Arlington will agree that a person with high blood pressure (hypertension) and/or heart disease should not take the Claritin-D because the active ingredient, pseudoephedrine, can elevate one’s blood pressure and increase their heart rate. It should also not be taken in individuals with an enlarged prostate, glaucoma, kidney disease, and/or overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). In a healthy person, it usually is not a problem; however, in patients with the diseases listed above, it can potentially be devastating.

Another potential problem with using OTC allergy medications involves the interactions they may have with other medications that the individual may be taking. These other medications may be prescribed or they may interact with other OTC medications. Certain medications may diminish the efficacy of other medicines causing them not to work as well as they were intended. On the other hand, certain medicines can have the opposite effect and increase the effect of another medicine making it potentially dangerous as well. An example of the latter would be an individual with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who takes the medication Adderall (mixture of the salts of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) with the OTC medication pseudoephedrine (e.g., Sudafed). The pseudoephedrine could potentiate the effect of the Adderall or vice versa. Therefore, an understanding of pharmacology is recommended for self-medicating.

Drugs tend to be classified in “classes.” For example, beta blockers, angiotensin inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are 3 common classes of high blood pressure medications. Likewise, penicillins, macrolides, and quinolones are 3 common classes of antibiotics. Individuals who are allergic to a drug in a particular “class” of medications tend to be more likely to have an allergy to another drug in that same “class.” For example, someone who is allergic to amoxicillin is more likely to be allergic to another penicillin derivative such as ampicillin. An individual that has a known allergy to a drug may take an OTC allergy medication that may contain an active or inactive ingredient that may be in the same “class” as that drug. The person may not have checked the ingredients in the OTC medicine, may not have known that the OTC medicine was in the same “class,” or more likely, did not even know about cross-reactions to medications within “classes.” A good example of this would be when someone takes a sinus relief allergy OTC medication that contains ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is also known under the brand names Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, as well as many other names. That individual may have known that he/she was allergic to naproxen (e.g., Naprosyn, Aleve, Anaprox) but did not know to avoid that “class” of medications, namely NSAIDS’s or he/she did not know that the generic name for Advil was ibuprofen.

In addition to the above reasons to be careful when using OTC allergy medications, one must recognize that there are side effects that are not allergic in nature, but still affect average people in different ways. It is fairly common for many OTC allergy medications to cause drowsiness. There are typically warnings on the sides of the boxes or bottles, but one may become extremely drowsy to a medication whereas someone else may have no drowsiness to the same dose of the same medication. Still others may have a paradoxical effect where it causes them to feel “hyper” and “agitated” like the feeling of too much caffeine (which by the way, is also used in a great deal of OTC allergy and sinus medications).

Even though OTC allergy medications can be beneficial, one must use caution when using them. There are other side effects not listed in this article, but this article is meant to warn people about the possibility of having potentially serious reactions from OTC allergy and sinus medications. If you have allergies and need advice on any type of medication whether OTC or prescribed, please feel free to make an appointment for a consultation with our board certified Arlington allergists at Black & Kletz Allergy. We have offices in Washington, DC, McLean, VA (Tysons Corner, VA), and Manassas, VA. All our offices have on-site parking and the Washington, DC and McLean offices are Metro accessible. There is a free shuttle that brings patients back and forth between our McLean office and the Spring Hill metro station on the silver line. Please call us to make an appointment or you can click Request an Appointment and we will respond within 24 hours on the next business day. We treat both adults and children and have been serving the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area for over 50 years.

Spring Allergy Doctor Washington DC

Black & Kletz Allergy has a full time Spring allergy doctor Washington DC residence trust for the past few decades serving the greater Washington, DC metropolitan area. Some of the conditions diagnosed and effectively treated by our Spring allergy doctor Washington DC inhabitants admire are hay fever (i.e., allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis), asthma of various degrees of severity, acute and chronic urticaria (i.e., hives), angioedema (i.e., swelling of soft tissues), atopic dermatitis (i.e., eczema), and contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac). In addition, the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC admires also treats food, insect venom, and medication allergies.

Long-term nasal congestion, copious rhinorrhea (i.e., clear runny nose), sneezing, itchy eyes, red eyes, watery eyes, and itchy throat are some of the symptoms that the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC trusts is experienced in. These symptoms are usually a result of sensitization to the tree and grass pollens. Birch, oak, elm, hickory, and cottonwood are some of the trees that pollinate in the Spring in Washington, DC. Tree pollen usually begins to pollinate in early to mid-February in the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area. It peaks in early April and gradually subsides by mid-May. Timothy, Kentucky blue, orchard, rye, and Bermuda grasses are some of the types of grasses that grow in our area. The grass pollen usually begins to pollinate in early April, peak in early May and gradually subsides by mid-July.

In genetically predisposed individuals, the immune system considers the pollen as potentially dangerous and mounts a defensive attack on the pollen. This “allergic reaction” results in a release of several chemicals, predominantly histamine, into the tissues, causing unpleasant allergy symptoms and causing misery to those inflicted with allergies and/or asthma.

For people who are sensitized to these pollens and suffer from these symptoms every year, the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC respects, who can be seen at any of Black & Kletz Allergy’s offices, offer the necessary diagnostic and treatment services. The diagnosis begins with obtaining a comprehensive history of the specific symptoms, their severity, frequency, and duration, followed by a thorough physical examination.

The Spring allergy doctor Washington DC trusts will probably perform prick skin testing with the common pollen antigens, where a small amount of the liquid antigen is introduced into the superficial layers of the skin with a plastic tooth pick-like lancet. The Spring allergy doctor Washington DC respects will then interpret the results after approximately 20 minutes by measuring the size of the wheal (i.e., small swelling) and flare (i.e., redness surrounding the test site). These measurements are then compared with the positive and negative control test results. A wheal diameter of more than 3 mm more than that of the negative control is generally considered a positive test.

A detailed explanation of the test results will be provided by the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC residents admire to the patient. Various ways of avoiding exposure to the offending agents such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander by way of targeted environmental controls will be explained by the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC inhabitants trust.

There are several medications both over the counter and by prescription that can be used to mitigate the symptoms of allergies. These medications may include oral pills, nasal sprays, and eye drops, among others. The Spring allergy doctor Washington DC trusts will give information about the over-the-counter medications and provide prescriptions where needed.

Many patients continue to have annoying symptoms in spite of rigorous environmental controls and proper medications. Some of them cannot tolerate the side effects of medications or do not like taking long-term medications. For those patients, the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC residents have confidence in offers a very effective long-term treatment approach called allergy immunotherapy. Allergy immunotherapy (i.e., allergy shots, allergy injections, allergy desensitization, allergy hyposensitization) is a process of desensitization by which the immune system learns to tolerate exposure to the previously sensitized substances instead of adversely reacting to them. This treatment method entails exposing the immune system to gradually increasing doses of the antigens at regular intervals beginning with a very small dose. At the end of the process, the patient notices a substantial reduction in the frequency and severity of the symptoms, decreased need for medications, and improvements in the quality of life. The average length of treatment is 3-5 years. Allergy immunotherapy works in 80-85% of the individuals who get the treatment.

Seasonal allergic sensitivities also play a role in flaring up asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. At Black & Kletz Allergy, the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC inhabitants trust has the necessary knowledge, skillset, and long-term experience necessary to effectively manage allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma, as well as other related disorders. The supporting staff working with the Spring allergy doctor Washington DC residents trust undergo rigorous training in order to provide the service needed to diagnose and treat allergies, asthma, and immunological disorders to state-of-the-art standards in a courteous and caring manner at Black & Kletz Allergy.

The board certified allergists at Black & Kletz Allergy located in the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area will readily answer any questions you have regarding your allergy and asthma symptoms. We have 3 offices with locations in Washington, DC, McLean, VA (Tysons Corner, VA), and Manassas, VA. All of our offices offer on-site parking. In addition, the Washington, DC and McLean, VA offices are accessible by Metro. There is also a free shuttle that runs between the McLean, VA office and the Spring Hill metro station on the silver line. To make an appointment, please call any one of our 3 offices, or alternatively, you can click Request an Appointment and we will respond to your request within 24 hours by the next business day. Black & Kletz Allergy diagnoses and treats both adults and children and we are proud to serve the Washington, DC metropolitan area residents for which we have done for more than 5 decades.

Allergist Northern VA

Hay fever and asthma are the most common conditions treated by allergists in the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area.

“Hay fever” is a colloquial term used to describe symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis (i.e., inflammation of the tissues inside the nostrils). An allergist northern VA residents trust is a physician who is an expert and who has received special training in diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. Our board certified allergist that northern VA inhabitants admire, treats patients at Black & Kletz Allergy. Our allergist has many years of experience in treating both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis as well as many other related conditions such as asthma, hives, sinus problems, and immunological disorders.

Allergic rhinitis is caused by the sensitization of our immune system to allergens in the environment. Re-exposure to these allergens is the actual trigger for symptoms. Allergens include indoor agents such as dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander, as well as outdoor allergens such as pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds. Irritants are agents that can trigger the same symptoms as allergens, however, they do not technically cause allergic reactions like allergens. The symptoms caused by irritants are said to induce non-allergic rhinitis instead of allergic rhinitis which is as previously mentioned caused by allergens. Some examples of irritants may include smoke, chemical sprays, strong odors, exhaust fumes, and other pollutants.

Our allergist northern VA residents respect can test individuals with allergy symptoms in order to identify their specific triggers. Our allergist northern VA inhabitants trust may prescribe various medications such as oral antihistamines, oral leukotriene antagonists, nasal corticosteroids, nasal antihistamines, nasal anticholinergics, and a variety of ocular medications in order to alleviate the unwanted allergy symptoms and improve their quality of life. Our allergist northern VA residents have confidence in can also desensitize individuals to allergens so that their symptoms can be lessened and their medication can be reduced or eliminated.

At Black & Kletz Allergy, asthma is another condition that our allergist northern VA inhabitants trust has expertise in diagnosing and treating. Our allergist northern VA residents admire has many years of experience in treating both allergic and non-allergic asthma.

Both indoor and outdoor allergens play a role in aggravating allergic asthma. Exposure to non-specific irritants such as smoke and strong chemicals can also trigger asthma flare-ups and result in emergency room visits. Coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath are some of the most common symptoms of asthma. Too many patients end up in emergency departments of hospitals. Many of them require hospitalizations for the management of severe asthma. It is our goal at Black & Kletz Allergy to prevent the need for hospital visits for asthma. Our allergist northern VA residents respect can help in identifying the triggers, minimizing the symptoms and preventing emergency room visits and hospitalizations by prescribing medications and providing an individualized asthma treatment plan.

Our allergist northern VA inhabitants have confidence in also treats hives (i.e., urticaria). Hives or “welts” are itchy, red, swollen blotches on the skin of various sizes and shapes which can occur anywhere on the body. They can last from minutes to days and can be very frustrating for the patient. The condition may last from days to years. Hives interfere with day-to-day activities and may also affect one’s sleep at night. They can be caused by allergies to foods and medications, as well as be triggered by infections. There are numerous causes of hives that need to be addressed when seeing an allergist.

Our allergist northern VA residents trust will perform a comprehensive history in order to try to identify a cause of the hives. History taking is supplemented by a thorough physical examination. Our allergist northern VA residents respect may also order laboratory tests which may help in the diagnosis. The cause however may remain unidentifiable (i.e., idiopathic) in a majority of instances where the hives are of a chronic nature. For acute cases of hives, the likelihood of establishing a cause is much greater than for chronic cases. Our allergist northern VA inhabitants admire has specialized training and long-term experience in identifying the possible cause(s) of hives. It should be noted that even when the cause cannot be identified, our allergist northern VA residents respect can usually provide relief from the annoying symptoms of hives, by prescribing a variety of helpful medications.

The allergists at Black & Kletz Allergy treat both adult and pediatric patients. We have offices in Washington, DC, McLean, VA (Tysons Corner, VA), and Manassas, VA. All 3 of our office locations have on-site parking. The Washington, DC and McLean, VA offices are Metro accessible and the McLean, VA office has a free shuttle that runs between our office and the Spring Hill metro station on the silver line. You may also click Request an Appointment and we will respond within 24 hours by the next business day. Black & Kletz Allergy has been a fixture in the greater Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan community for over 50 years for our outstanding services for the diagnosis and treatment of allergies, asthma, and immunological disorders.

Respiratory Infections and Asthma

As we enter into the “cold and flu” season, children and adults with a history of asthma may experience an increase in the frequency and severity of their asthma symptoms triggered by these infections.

Most of us have to contend with a few upper respiratory infections (e.g., cold, flu, sinusitis) each year. Viruses are the usual culprits and the rhinovirus is the most common virus causing upper respiratoryinfections in all age groups.  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) usually affects the upper and lowerrespiratory tracts in infants and young children.

Upper respiratory tract infections are usually mild self-limited illnesses in otherwise healthy children and adults.  The common symptoms of nasal congestion, runny nose, post-nasal drip, sneezing, sore throat, achiness, and an occasional dry cough may last for about a week.  However, in individuals with a history of asthma, these infections can trigger a flare-up of their asthma by causing wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and/or shortness of breath.  Once the asthma symptoms are triggered, they can linger for several days to weeks, even after recovery from the infection.

Viral infections also can predispose one to secondary bacterial infections which can lead to complications like sinus infections causing discolored nasal discharge, facial (sinus) pressure and pain, persistent mucus drainage into throat, and coughing.  Fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, coughing up discolored sputum, and/or soreness in the chest while breathing, may be indicative of pneumonia. A few precautions may help prevent or alleviate respiratory infections and reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations:

  1. Viruses causing respiratory infections are highly contagious.  Avoid contact with others with active infections can minimize the risk of contracting the illness.
  2. Wash hands frequently with soap and water.  This will eliminate most germs causing infections. Hand sanitizers are useful while traveling.
  3. Refrain from touching one’s eyes, nose, and mouth which can minimize the germs from entering into the body.
  4. An annual influenza vaccine (i.e., flu shot) is highly recommended in all children (above 6 months of age) and adults with asthma.  FluMist (the flu nasal spray vaccine) is not indicated in asthmatics and only approved for use in persons 2 through 49 years of age.
  5. Many children and adults also benefit immensely from a pneumonia vaccine to prevent bacterial infections from pneumococcus, a type of bacteria that causes respiratory tract infections.  The two most common vaccines available are Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax.  It is important to check with your primary care physician to check for documentation of what type of pneumonia shot you may have had and when it was administered.  Depending on this information, your physician will recommend which type of pneumonia vaccine may be needed and when it should be given.  The age of the patient, underlying diseases, and history of previous vaccinations all will play a role in determining what, when, and if the vaccine is needed.
  6. Rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and the use of certain over the counter medications may alleviate some of the symptoms.
  7. Prescription antiviral medications [i.e., Tamiflu (oseltamivir), Relenza (zanamivir), Rapivab (peramivir)] can reduce the duration of the flu and they may also decrease the risk of an increase in asthma symptoms.
  8. Monitoring peak flows is helpful in predicting asthma exacerbations.
  9. If the infection ends up triggering asthma symptoms, one should begin using a rescue inhaler or nebulized medications at regular intervals for symptom relief.
  10. Either initiating the preventative controller medications or increasing their doses at the onset of cold or flu symptoms, (as directed by the physician), may be useful in preventing or reducing the severity of asthma flare-ups triggered by viral infections.

The board certified allergists of Black & Kletz Allergy have been treating adult and pediatric patients with asthma for over 5 decades.  We are very familiar with upper respiratory tract infections as well as other triggers that cause asthma exacerbations.  In addition, we also treat all kinds of upper respiratory infections.  Black & Kletz Allergy has 3 offices in the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area.  We have convenient offices in Washington, DC, McLean, VA (Tysons Corner, VA), and Manassas, VA.  Our offices in Washington, DC and McLean, VA are Metro accessible with free shuttle service between the Spring Hill metro station and our McLean office.  All 3 locations offer on-site parking.  To make an appointment, please call us, or alternatively you can click Request an Appointment and we will respond within 24 hours on the next business day.  The allergy doctors at Black & Kletz Allergy strive to manage your asthma to your utmost satisfaction in a professional caring environment.